Colligative Properties and Total Particle Concentration

Why a dilute solution's freezing point and vapor pressure shift roughly in proportion to how many dissolved particles are present, with the ideal, particle-count-only relationship breaking down at higher concentrations or with strongly interacting solutes.

References

• Raoult, F.M. "Loi de Congélation des Dissolutions." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences 104 (1887): 1430–1433.