Fluorescence & Fluorophores
How certain molecules absorb light at one color and re-emit it at another, making them trackable under a microscope.
References
- Chalfie, M., Tu, Y., Euskirchen, G., Ward, W.W., Prasher, D.C. "Green Fluorescent Protein as a Marker for Gene Expression." Science 263, no. 5148 (1994): 802–805.