Patch-Clamp Electrophysiology

Directly measures the electrical current or voltage across a single neuron's membrane, down to individual ion channels.

References

• Hamill, O.P., Marty, A., Neher, E., Sakmann, B., Sigworth, F.J. "Improved Patch-Clamp Techniques for High-Resolution Current Recording from Cells and Cell-Free Membrane Patches." Pflügers Archiv 391, no. 2 (1981): 85–100.