X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Probes a specific element's local coordination environment and oxidation state, by scanning X-ray energy across that element's own absorption edge and analyzing the fine structure that appears.
References
- Rehr, J.J., Albers, R.C. "Theoretical Approaches to X-Ray Absorption." Reviews of Modern Physics 72, no. 3 (2000): 621–654.