X-ray Crystallography
Determines a 3D atomic model from X-ray diffraction by a crystal; the achievable resolution, and whether it reaches true atomic resolution, depends on the crystal and data quality.
References
- Kendrew, J.C., Bodo, G., Dintzis, H.M., Parrish, R.G., Wyckoff, H., Phillips, D.C. "A Three-Dimensional Model of the Myoglobin Molecule Obtained by X-Ray Analysis." Nature 181 (1958): 662–666.